BMW R 1200 GS Workshop Service Repair Manual BMW R1200GS Workshop Service Repair Manual BMW R 1200 GS Workshop Service Repair Manual BMW R 1200 GS Workshop Service Repair Manual BMW R 1200 GS Workshop Service Repair Manual BMW R 1200 GS Workshop Service Repair Manual BMW R 1200 GS Workshop Service Repair Manual BMW R 1200 GS Workshop Service Repair Manual BMW R 1200 GS Workshop Service Repair Manual BMW R 1200 GS Workshop Service Repair Manual BMW R 1200 GS Workshop Service Repair Manual BMW R 1200 GS Workshop Service Repair Manual 

BMW R 1200 GS

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The BMW GS series of dual purpose off-road/on-road BMW motorcycles have been produced from 1980 to the present day. The GS refers to either Gelände/Straße (German: off-road/road) or Gelände Sport. GS motorcycles can be distinguished from other BMW models by their longer travel suspension, an upright riding position, and larger front wheels – typically 19–21 inch.

The first shaft driven GS model was the R 80 G/S with a 797 cc flat-twin, air-cooled boxer engine. The BMW 247 engine, which was also fitted to many other bikes in the BMW range, is known as an airhead. The most valued version was the R 80 G/S-PD "Paris-Dakar" model featuring a larger tank. In certain markets a 649 cc R 65 GS version was also available. These early machines used a combined rear suspension / drive swingarm called a Monolever.

In 1987 the G/S name was changed to GS with the S meaning "Sport" rather than "Straße" and the Monolever was replaced with the Paralever swingarm, which included a torque arm intended to lessen shaft effect and strengthen the swingarm-to-final drive connection. The new bikes were produced with engines of 797 cc (R 80 GS) or 980 cc (R 100 GS).

Production of the standard machines stopped in 1995 with the R 100 GS-PD (unofficially Paris Dakar), but special "Kalahari" and "Basic" editions were made available in 1996 and 1997, which ended GS production.

In 1995, the introduction of the next generation R-259 or Oilhead engine signalled BMW's entry into modern adventure models, with a succession of larger displacement models including the R 850 GS, R 1100 GS, R 1150 GS and the R 1200 GS. Later models have electronic engine management, ABS braking, twin spark plugs, and more power than airhead models. The current R 1200 GS, sometimes referred to as a hexhead because of the revised cylinder head shape, is 30 kg (66 lb) lighter and, with 105 horsepower (78 kW), more powerful than the R 1150 GS. Electronic fuel injection systems provided more even overall riding performance for the great range of altitudes commonly ridden with these motorcycles.

The R 1150 GS and R 1200 GS are available in an Adventure version which adds a larger fuel tank, lower gearing, upgraded suspension, and optional offroad tires to make the Adventure more suitable for arduous off-road trips with a heavy load of gear and supplies. The horizontally-opposed two-cylinder "boxer" engine provides a comparatively low centre of gravity compared to motorcycles with inline-4 or V-twin engines. This strongly contributes to the ability of these supra-liter class machines to travel on dirt roads and trails. The distribution of torque over a broad RPM range coupled with the relatively wide power pulses inherent in a long-stroke two cylinder motor provides consistent and predictable traction on loose surfaces.

As with the airheads, all oilhead GS models are shaft driven. However, the front suspension was changed from conventional forks to the Telelever, developed by British company Saxon Motodd, which uses a control arm, called an A-arm by BMW to eliminate dive under braking.

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